Siamese cats are more than just pets—they’re captivating companions with a legacy as rich as their sapphire-blue eyes. Known for their sleek elegance, vocal charm, and unwavering loyalty, these felines have enchanted people from Thai palaces to modern homes worldwide. Whether you’re smitten by their striking appearance or intrigued by their talkative nature, this guide offers an in-depth journey into the Siamese cat’s world.
From their royal origins to their role in pop culture, we’ll explore every facet of this beloved breed, providing insights for enthusiasts, owners, and those considering a Siamese as their next furry friend. Let’s dive into the allure of Siamese cats!
Introduction to Siamese Cats
Overview: A Distinctive Breed
Siamese cats stand out in the feline world, blending grace, intelligence, and personality in a way few breeds can match. Their slender bodies, large ears, and vivid blue eyes create a striking silhouette, while their vocalizations—ranging from soft chirps to insistent meows—make them unforgettable. Often called the “dogs of the cat world,” Siamese form deep bonds with their owners, following them from room to room and engaging in “conversations.” This breed isn’t for those seeking a low-maintenance pet; Siamese thrive on interaction, making them ideal for those who want a lively, communicative companion.
Origin: Roots in Thailand
The Siamese cat hails from Thailand, once known as Siam, where they were revered as sacred beings. Historical texts, like the Tamra Maew (Cat Poems) from the Ayutthaya period (1351–1767), depict cats with Siamese-like features—slender bodies, dark points, and blue eyes—living in temples and royal courts. These felines were believed to bring good fortune, and some legends claim they guarded sacred treasures or carried the souls of departed royalty. Their mystique traveled West in the 19th century, captivating European and American audiences with their exotic allure.
Popularity: A Global Favorite
Today, Siamese cats rank among the top breeds worldwide, celebrated in cat shows and cherished as family pets. According to the Cat Fanciers’ Association (CFA), Siamese consistently place in the top 10 most popular breeds, thanks to their unique looks and engaging personalities. From bustling cities like New York to quiet suburbs in Australia, Siamese adapt to diverse lifestyles, provided they receive ample attention. Their popularity extends to social media, where accounts like @SiameseStar on Instagram showcase their photogenic charm to thousands of followers.
Unique Appeal: Beauty and Brains
What makes Siamese so special? It’s their fusion of aesthetic beauty and intellectual spark. Their elegant form is matched by a curious, playful mind that thrives on solving puzzles or mastering tricks. Owners often share stories of Siamese opening doors, fetching toys, or even “training” their humans to respond to their calls. This blend of physical and mental allure ensures Siamese aren’t just pets—they’re lifelong partners who leave a lasting impression.
Physical Characteristics
Body Structure
Siamese cats embody feline elegance, with a long, tubular body that’s both slender and muscular. Their legs are delicate yet strong, allowing them to leap onto high perches with ease. The neck is gracefully arched, and the tail is long and whip-like, often carried with a slight curve. This athletic build makes Siamese agile climbers and explorers, often found surveying their domain from atop bookshelves or curtains. Their lightweight frame—typically 8–12 pounds for adults—enhances their nimble, almost dancer-like movements.
Coat and Color
The Siamese coat is short, glossy, and close-lying, accentuating their sleek physique. Its low-maintenance nature requires minimal grooming, making it ideal for busy owners. The breed’s hallmark is its color-point pattern, where the cooler parts of the body (ears, face, paws, tail) are darker than the warmer torso. Recognized point colors include:
- Seal Point: Dark brown points with a creamy body.
- Blue Point: Grayish-blue points with a bluish-white body.
- Chocolate Point: Milk-chocolate points with an ivory body.
- Lilac Point: Pale grayish-pink points with a frosty white body. These points develop as kittens age, with newborns appearing almost entirely white. Some registries, like TICA, also recognize newer colors like cinnamon and fawn, adding variety to the breed’s palette.
Eyes
The Siamese’s almond-shaped, sapphire-blue eyes are a defining feature, often described as “windows to the soul.” Their intense gaze conveys curiosity, mischief, or affection, making them highly expressive. The eyes slant toward the nose, complementing the breed’s angular face. This vivid blue is linked to the same gene responsible for their color-point coat, a fascinating example of genetic interplay. Owners often note their Siamese’s eyes seem to glow in low light, adding to their mystique.
Modern vs. Traditional
Siamese cats come in two distinct types, shaped by breeding trends:
- Modern Siamese: Favored in cat shows, these cats have a wedge-shaped head, large ears, and an ultra-sleek body. Their angular features give them a refined, almost sculptural look.
- Traditional (Apple-Head) Siamese: These cats have a rounder head, smaller ears, and a stockier build. Prized for their classic appearance and robust health, they’re popular among pet owners and traditionalist breeders. The modern type emerged in the mid-20th century as breeders emphasized elegance, but some argue it compromises health. Traditional Siamese, resembling their 19th-century ancestors, are making a comeback for their charm and resilience.
Behavioral Traits
Vocalization
Siamese cats are the rock stars of the feline world when it comes to vocalization. Their meows, often called “Meezers,” range from soft, melodic chirps to loud, raspy cries that sound almost human. They use their voices to express hunger, boredom, affection, or simply to “chat.” For example, an owner might find their Siamese “commenting” on daily routines, like preparing breakfast or working from home. This vocal nature delights some but may overwhelm those preferring a quieter pet, so it’s a key consideration for prospective owners.
Personality
Siamese are the extroverts of the cat world—affectionate, loyal, and endlessly curious. They form intense bonds with their owners, often choosing a favorite person to shadow. Stories abound of Siamese waiting at the door for their human’s return or curling up on their lap for hours. Their intelligence shines in problem-solving, like opening cabinets or navigating puzzle toys. However, their need for attention means they can become demanding, nudging for playtime or vocalizing until acknowledged.
Activity Level
These cats are bundles of energy, requiring regular physical and mental stimulation. Siamese love chasing laser pointers, batting at feather wands, or scaling cat trees. Without enough activity, they may resort to mischief, like knocking over vases or unraveling toilet paper. Owners can keep them engaged with interactive toys or by rotating play environments. A bored Siamese is a recipe for chaos, so investing in enrichment is crucial.
Social Dynamics
Siamese thrive in social settings, getting along with humans, other cats, and even dogs if introduced properly. Their outgoing nature makes them ideal for multi-pet households, where they often take the lead in play. However, their need for companionship means they don’t do well alone for long periods. Owners working long hours might consider a second pet or interactive toys to keep their Siamese company. Their social adaptability makes them versatile, but their emotional sensitivity requires consistent care.
Historical Development
Origins in Thailand
Siamese cats trace their roots to Thailand’s ancient kingdom of Siam, where they were cherished as royal companions. The Tamra Maew, a collection of manuscripts from the 14th–18th centuries, describes cats with slender bodies, dark points, and blue eyes, believed to be early Siamese. These felines lived in palaces and temples, often adorned with jewelry and treated as symbols of prosperity. Some Thai myths claim Siamese guarded sacred rings on their tails or protected temples from evil spirits, cementing their spiritual significance.
Introduction to the West
The Siamese debuted in the West at London’s Crystal Palace cat show in 1871, where they were described as “an unnatural, nightmare kind of cat” due to their exotic look—crossed eyes, kinked tails, and sleek bodies. Despite mixed reactions, their allure grew, and by 1878, the first Siamese, named “Siam,” arrived in the U.S. as a gift to President Rutherford B. Hayes’ wife. By the early 20th century, Siamese clubs formed in Europe and America, solidifying their status as a prized breed.
Breed Evolution
Selective breeding in the 20th century transformed the Siamese, emphasizing a sleeker, more angular appearance. By the 1950s, the modern Siamese emerged, with a wedge-shaped head and elongated body favored in shows. However, this refinement intensified health issues like respiratory problems and genetic disorders, prompting some breeders to preserve the traditional apple-head Siamese. Today, both types coexist, with traditional Siamese gaining traction for their robust health and nostalgic charm.
Cultural Significance in Thailand
In Thailand, Siamese cats were more than pets—they were emblems of prestige. Kings gifted them to foreign dignitaries, showcasing Siam’s cultural wealth. Their presence in royal ceremonies, like coronations, underscored their sacred role. Even today, Siamese are celebrated in Thai culture, appearing in art and festivals as symbols of elegance and heritage.
Cultural and Symbolic Importance
Role in Thai Culture
Siamese cats were once exclusive to Thai royalty, living pampered lives in palaces. They were believed to bring luck, and their blue eyes were seen as divine. Temples housed them as guardians, and their presence in royal courts elevated their status. Modern Thailand still honors this legacy, with Siamese featured in cultural events and art.
Representation in Media
Siamese cats have starred in pop culture, from the mischievous Si and Am in Disney’s Lady and the Tramp (1955) to the elegant Tao in The Incredible Journey (1963). Their distinctive voices and looks make them memorable, though some portrayals, like Lady and the Tramp’s stereotypical depiction, have sparked debate. In modern media, Siamese appear in TV shows, books, and ads, reinforcing their iconic status.
Symbolism
In literature and art, Siamese symbolize mystery, intelligence, and aristocracy. Their sleek form and piercing eyes evoke enigma, as seen in novels like The Siamese Twin Mystery by Ellery Queen. In visual art, they represent elegance, appearing in Thai temple murals and Western paintings alike.
Modern Popularity
Siamese dominate social media, with accounts like @SiameseStar and @MeezerMania showcasing their antics to thousands. On platforms like TikTok, their vocalizations go viral, earning them fans worldwide. In cat shows, Siamese consistently win awards for their grace, while their appeal as pets grows in urban and family settings.
Health and Care
Common Health Issues
Siamese are prone to specific health conditions, including:
- Respiratory Issues: Their narrow airways can lead to breathing difficulties, especially in modern Siamese.
- Dental Problems: Periodontal disease is common, requiring regular brushing and vet checkups.
- Amyloidosis: A genetic condition where amyloid proteins build up in organs like the liver or kidneys.
- Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): A rare eye condition that can lead to blindness. Regular vet visits and early screening can manage these risks, ensuring a healthier life.
Genetic Considerations
Early Siamese often had crossed eyes or kinked tails, linked to the color-point gene. While breeding has reduced these traits, they occasionally appear, especially in traditional lines. Once considered charming, they’re now seen as flaws in show standards but don’t affect health. Genetic testing helps breeders avoid passing on conditions like amyloidosis or PRA.
Diet and Nutrition
Siamese need a high-protein diet to maintain their lean, muscular build. Wet food supports hydration and dental health, while dry kibble formulated for active breeds suits their energy needs. Owners should monitor portions, as Siamese can gain weight if overfed. Treats should be limited to 10% of daily calories, with healthy options like freeze-dried meat.
Grooming
Their short coats require minimal grooming—a weekly brush with a rubber mitt removes loose hair and boosts shine. Baths are rarely needed unless the cat gets dirty. Dental care is critical; brushing teeth 2–3 times weekly or using dental treats prevents plaque buildup. Nail trims every 2–3 weeks keep claws manageable.
Lifespan
With proper care, Siamese live 12–20 years, though health issues can shorten this if unmanaged. Regular vet care, a balanced diet, and an enriched environment maximize longevity. Anecdotes of Siamese living into their late teens highlight their resilience when well-cared-for.
Breeding and Standards
Breed Standards
The CFA and TICA set rigorous standards for Siamese, emphasizing:
- Body: Long, slender, and elegant.
- Head: Wedge-shaped (modern) or rounded (traditional).
- Ears: Large, wide-set, and pointed.
- Eyes: Almond-shaped, vivid blue.
- Coat: Short, glossy, with clear color points. Judges assess balance, color contrast, and temperament, with modern Siamese often scoring higher for their refined look.
Breeding Practices
Ethical breeding prioritizes health, temperament, and genetic diversity. Reputable breeders screen for conditions like amyloidosis and avoid overbreeding, which can exacerbate health issues. Backyard breeders, however, may prioritize profit, producing kittens with genetic flaws. Prospective owners should choose breeders registered with CFA or TICA.
Color Variations
Standard point colors include seal, blue, chocolate, and lilac, with newer shades like cinnamon and fawn recognized by some registries. Each color develops over months, with kittens born pale. Breeders aim for clear contrast between points and body, a key show criterion.
Hybrid Breeds
Siamese genetics have birthed breeds like:
- Balinese: Long-haired Siamese with the same color points and personality.
- Oriental Shorthair: Siamese build but with varied colors and patterns.
- Tonkinese: A Siamese-Burmese cross with a softer coat and temperament. These hybrids expand the Siamese legacy, offering variety for owners.
Training and Interaction
Trainability
Siamese are highly trainable, thanks to their intelligence. They can learn tricks like fetching, sitting, or high-fiving with positive reinforcement. Clicker training works well, using treats to reward desired behaviors. Some owners even leash-train their Siamese for outdoor adventures, though safety precautions are key.
Social Needs
Siamese crave companionship and may develop separation anxiety if left alone too long. Owners can mitigate this with a second pet, interactive toys, or leaving a radio on for background noise. Regular play sessions strengthen bonds and reduce stress.
Environmental Enrichment
A stimulating environment keeps Siamese happy. Cat trees, window perches, and puzzle feeders engage their curiosity. Rotating toys prevents boredom, while DIY options—like cardboard boxes or paper bags—offer budget-friendly fun. Owners should ensure safe spaces, as Siamese love exploring high or tight spots.
Behavioral Challenges
Excessive vocalization or attention-seeking can frustrate owners. Consistent routines, like set feeding and playtimes, help. Ignoring unwanted meows while rewarding quiet behavior reinforces calm. For destructive habits, like scratching, provide scratching posts and redirect attention.
Siamese Cats in Cat Shows
Competitive Categories
Siamese compete in breed-specific classes, judged on conformation, coat quality, and temperament. Categories include kitten, adult, and altered (neutered/spayed). Their elegance and poise make them show favorites, often earning top ribbons.
Preparation
Show prep starts early, with grooming to enhance coat shine and nail trims for neatness. Handlers train cats to tolerate judging, using treats to reward calm behavior. A balanced diet ensures vibrant colors, while regular baths keep coats pristine.
Global Presence
Siamese shine in shows worldwide, from CFA’s International Cat Show in the U.S. to TICA’s events in Europe and Asia. Breed clubs, like the Siamese Cat Society of the UK, promote standards and host competitions, fostering global community.
Controversies
The modern vs. traditional debate divides show circles. Critics argue modern Siamese’s extreme features harm health, while supporters praise their elegance. Some shows now recognize traditional Siamese, reflecting growing appreciation for their classic look.
Siamese Cats in Society
Adoption and Rescue
Siamese are available through breeders, shelters, and rescues like Siamese Cat Rescue Center, which rehomes hundreds annually. Adoption costs range from $50–$200 at shelters, compared to $500–$2,000 for breeder kittens. Rescues offer adult cats with known temperaments, ideal for first-time owners.
Pet Ownership Trends
Siamese suit urban dwellers, thanks to their adaptability and modest space needs. Families love their playful, social nature, though their vocal demands may challenge light sleepers. Their popularity grows as remote work allows more time for interactive pets.
Economic Impact
The Siamese market drives millions in revenue, with breeding, pet products, and shows contributing. Premium kittens fetch high prices, while products like Siamese-specific food and toys add to profits. Cat shows generate income via entry fees and sponsorships.
Community and Clubs
Online communities thrive on platforms like X, where hashtags like #SiameseCat connect owners. Forums like The Cat Site host Siamese threads, sharing care tips and stories. Local clubs, like the National Siamese Cat Club, organize meetups and advocate for the breed.
Scientific and Veterinary Research
Genetic Studies
Research on the Siamese color-point gene reveals its link to blue eyes and temperature-sensitive pigmentation. Studies also explore hereditary conditions like amyloidosis, guiding breeding to reduce risks. DNA testing kits, like Basepaws, help owners identify genetic markers.
Behavioral Studies
Siamese vocalization is unique, with studies comparing their meows to human infant cries for attention. Their social bonding resembles canine attachment, making them a model for feline behavior research. Universities like Cornell lead these studies, informing pet care.
Veterinary Care Advances
Tailored treatments include dental protocols for Siamese, like enzymatic chews, and screenings for amyloidosis via ultrasound. Advances in feline genetics allow early detection of PRA, improving outcomes. Vets recommend annual checkups for Siamese due to their predispositions.
Cross-Species Comparisons
Siamese share vocal traits with Oriental breeds but differ from reserved Persians. Their activity level aligns with Abyssinians, while their bonding contrasts with independent Maine Coons. These comparisons inform breed-specific care and owner expectations.
Global Influence and Variations
Siamese Worldwide
Siamese are beloved globally, with strong followings in the U.S., UK, Japan, and Australia. In Asia, their Thai heritage boosts popularity, while European breeders emphasize diverse standards. Their universal appeal transcends cultural boundaries.
Regional Breeding Differences
North American Siamese lean modern, with angular features, while UK breeders often favor traditional types. Asian breeders balance both, reflecting cultural ties to the breed’s origins. These variations create a rich tapestry of Siamese styles.
Cultural Adaptations
In the U.S., Siamese serve as therapy cats in hospitals, leveraging their social nature. In Japan, they’re prized as aesthetic companions, appearing in cat cafés. These roles highlight their versatility across cultures.
Influence on Other Breeds
Siamese genetics shape breeds like Balinese, Tonkinese, and Oriental Shorthair, spreading their slender build and vocal traits. Crossbreeding experiments continue, potentially yielding new hybrids with Siamese charm.
Challenges and Future of the Breed
Health Challenges
Genetic conditions like amyloidosis and respiratory issues require ongoing research. Vets and breeders collaborate to screen for risks, while owners play a role through proactive care. Advances in feline medicine offer hope for healthier Siamese.
Ethical Breeding Concerns
Overbreeding for extreme traits, like narrow heads, can harm health. Ethical breeders prioritize welfare, using genetic testing and avoiding inbreeding. Advocacy groups push for regulations to curb unethical practices.
Preservation of Traditional Traits
Traditional Siamese, with their robust health, are regaining popularity. Breeders like those at Old-Style Siamese Cattery focus on apple-head lines, preserving the breed’s original charm. This trend balances aesthetics with longevity.
Future Trends
New color points, like red or cream, may gain recognition, while crossbreeds could expand Siamese influence. The focus remains on health, with breeders aiming for resilient, vibrant cats that retain their iconic allure.
Siamese Cats and Human-Animal Bonding
Emotional Connections
Siamese offer profound companionship, comforting owners during tough times. Anecdotes describe Siamese curling up with grieving owners or “talking” to ease loneliness.
Therapy and Service Roles
Their social nature suits therapy work in hospitals, schools, and nursing homes. Programs like Pet Partners train Siamese for visits, leveraging their affectionate demeanor.
Attachment Styles
Studies show Siamese exhibit secure attachment, seeking proximity to owners like dogs. This bond enhances their role as emotional support animals.
Cultural Perceptions
In Thailand, Siamese are revered as spiritual companions; in the West, they’re loyal friends. These views shape how owners interact with the breed.
Economic and Commercial Aspects
Breeding Industry
Siamese breeding generates millions globally, with top kittens fetching $1,000–$2,500. Ethical breeders invest in health testing, while unregulated markets risk overbreeding.
Pet Products
Siamese-specific products include high-protein food, interactive toys, and dental chews. Brands like Royal Canin offer Siamese-formulated diets, boosting sales.
Advertising and Branding
Siamese star in ads for Purina and Whiskas, their elegance evoking premium quality. Their iconic look drives brand recognition in pet marketing.
Event Economy
Cat shows like CFA’s International Cat Show generate revenue through fees, tickets, and sponsorships. Siamese-focused events draw enthusiasts, boosting local economies.
Comparison with Other Cat Breeds
Physical Traits Comparison
- Siamese vs. Persian: Siamese are slender with short, color-point coats; Persians are stocky with long, fluffy fur in solid or tabby patterns. Siamese’s blue eyes contrast with Persian’s varied eye colors.
- Siamese vs. Maine Coon: Siamese are lean and elegant; Maine Coons are massive (up to 25 pounds) with tufted ears and bushy tails. Maine Coons have varied coats, unlike Siamese points.
- Siamese vs. Abyssinian: Both are slender, but Siamese have color-points, while Abyssinians feature ticked coats for a speckled effect. Abyssinians lack Siamese’s blue eyes.
- Siamese vs. Ragdoll: Siamese share blue eyes with Ragdolls but are leaner; Ragdolls are heavier (15–20 pounds) with semi-long coats.
Behavioral Traits Comparison
- Siamese vs. Persian: Siamese are vocal and active, demanding attention; Persians are quiet and sedentary, content to lounge.
- Siamese vs. Maine Coon: Siamese seek constant interaction; Maine Coons are gentle and independent, often described as “dog-like” but less needy.
- Siamese vs. Abyssinian: Both are playful, but Siamese vocalize more, while Abyssinians focus on exploration and agility.
- Siamese vs. Ragdoll: Siamese are assertive and chatty; Ragdolls are docile, often going limp when held, earning their “floppy” nickname.
Health and Care Comparison
- Siamese vs. Persian: Siamese face dental and amyloidosis risks; Persians deal with respiratory issues due to brachycephalic faces and polycystic kidney disease.
- Siamese vs. Maine Coon: Siamese have genetic predispositions; Maine Coons face hip dysplasia and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Maine Coons need more grooming due to long fur.
- Siamese vs. Abyssinian: Both live 12–15 years, but Siamese need dental care, while Abyssinians face renal amyloidosis risks.
- Siamese vs. Ragdoll: Siamese require lean diets; Ragdolls need weight management to avoid obesity-related issues.
Cultural and Popularity Comparison
- Siamese vs. Persian: Siamese are tied to Thai royalty and pop culture (Lady and the Tramp); Persians symbolize luxury, popular in Victorian-era art.
- Siamese vs. Maine Coon: Siamese dominate media; Maine Coons are “gentle giants,” beloved for their size and temperament.
- Siamese vs. Abyssinian: Siamese have broader fame; Abyssinians appeal to niche owners seeking active, slender cats.
- Siamese vs. Ragdoll: Siamese are classic icons; Ragdolls gain traction as therapy pets due to their calm nature.
Suitability for Owners
- Siamese vs. Persian: Siamese suit interactive, attentive owners; Persians fit quiet households with minimal activity needs.
- Siamese vs. Maine Coon: Siamese thrive in small spaces with engaged owners; Maine Coons need room and suit families with space.
- Siamese vs. Abyssinian: Both suit active owners, but Siamese demand more social time, while Abyssinians are more independent explorers.
- Siamese vs. Ragdoll: Siamese are for vocal, dynamic interaction; Ragdolls offer relaxed companionship, ideal for calm homes.
FAQs About Siamese Cats
Are Siamese Cats Very Vocal?
Yes, Siamese cats are highly vocal, known for their loud, chatty nature. They meow frequently to communicate needs or seek attention.
Do Siamese Cats Shed a Lot?
No, they shed minimally due to their short coat. Weekly brushing helps manage loose hair.
Are Siamese Cats Good with Other Pets?
Generally, yes. They’re social and playful but may assert dominance. Proper introductions are key.
How Much Do Siamese Cats Cost?
$500–$2,500 from breeders; $50–$200 for adoption. Ongoing costs include food, vet care, and toys.
What Health Problems Do Siamese Cats Have?
Prone to amyloidosis, respiratory issues, dental disease, and PRA. Regular vet checkups are important.
Are Siamese Cats Good for First-Time Owners?
They can be, but their high energy and vocal nature require commitment. Best for attentive owners.
How Do Siamese Cats Compare to Other Breeds?
More vocal and social than Persians or Ragdolls, slimmer than Maine Coons, and more interactive than Abyssinians.
Do Siamese Cats Get Along with Children?
Yes, if children are gentle. They enjoy play but need respect for their boundaries.
How Much Exercise Do Siamese Cats Need?
15–30 minutes of active play daily. They need mental and physical stimulation to stay happy.
Are Siamese Cats Hypoallergenic?
No, they produce allergens like other cats. Their short coat may help slightly with allergies.
Conclusion
Siamese cats are a captivating blend of beauty, intelligence, and soul, earning their place as one of the world’s most cherished breeds. From their royal Thai origins to their viral presence on TikTok, they’ve woven a rich tapestry across history, culture, and modern life. Their vocal charm, striking looks, and loyal hearts make them more than pets—they’re family. Whether you’re drawn to their elegance or their playful antics, a Siamese promises a rewarding journey. Ready to welcome one into your home? Prepare for a lifetime of love, laughter, and endless “conversations.”
Sources
- Cat Fanciers’ Association (CFA). “Siamese Breed Profile.” cfa.org
- The International Cat Association (TICA). “Siamese Breed Standards.” tica.org
- Hartwell, S. “The History of Siamese Cats.” MessyBeast.com. messybeast.com
- VCA Animal Hospitals. “Siamese Cat Health Issues.” vcahospitals.com
- Fogle, B. (2001). The Encyclopedia of the Cat. DK Publishing.
- Siamese Cat Rescue Center. “About Siamese Cats.” siameserescue.org
- Morris, D. (1999). Cat World: A Feline Encyclopedia. Penguin Books.
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- Cornell Feline Health Center. “Feline Behavior Studies.” vet.cornell.edu
